Finnish Language - Lesson 35: Illatiivi Part 1

“S Cases”
Museo (museum)
(missä - where) Satu on museossa. Satu is in the museum.
(mistä - from where) Satu tulee museosta. Satu comes from the museum.
(mihin - to somewhere) Satu menee museoon. Satu goes to the museum.

“I Cases”
Ranta (beach)
(missä - where) Suvi on rannalla. Suvi is at the beach.
(mistä - from where) Suvi tulee rannalta. Suvi comes from the beach.
(mihin - to somewhere) Suvi menee rannalle. Suvis goes to the beach.

The name for a “to a place” form for the “s cases” is called ILLATIIVI.

(t:d) lehti (leaf, newspaper): lehde-: lehdet (newspapers)
Lehdet tulevat kello 5. The newspapers is ready at 5am.
Lehdessä on hyvä artikkeli. The newspaper has a good article.
Journalisti kirjoittaa lehteen (vahva konsonantti). The journalist writes in a newspaper.

Whenever there is an illatiivi form, you always use the strong consonant. So KPT changes do not apply when using the illatiivi form.

ILLATIIVIN PÄÄTTEET

  1. -vokali + n. You repeat the last vowel of the word and then add an “n”.
    1. Kun vartalon on yksi vokaali.If the stem of a word ends on a vowel. Haluaisin matkusta Roomaan. I would like to travel to Rome. Haluaisin matkustaa Madridiin. I would like to travel to Madrid. In names ending in consonant you add an “i” and then another “-i- + -n”
    2. Kun vartalon lopussa on vokaaliyhtymä, joka ei ole diftongi. When you have two vowels that are not a diphthong at the end of the stem of the word then you use vowel + n. So if it ends in: -ia, -io, -iö, -eo, -ea, -eä, -ue, -ye. (Intia - In-ti-a). Haluaisin matkustaa Intiaan. I would like to visit India.
  2. -seen. Kun vartalon lopussa on kaksi samaa vokaalia. When the end of the stem of the word has the same two vowels. Unless the stem is one syllable, in these cases see 3a. Allas: altaa-: Älkää menkö vielä altaaseen! Don’t go to the pool yet! Sade: satee- Älkää menkö sinne sateeseen! Don’t go in the rain!
  3. -h + vokalii + n
    1. Kun vartalossa on vain yksi tavu. When the stem has only one syllable. Suu (mouth); Laita tutti (pacifier) suuhun! Put the pacifier in the mouth! Joensuu Joen (stem) suu. Lähden lauantaina Joensuuhun. I’m leaving for Joensuu on Saturday. Thaimaa (Thailand Thai(stem)maa). Lähden lauantaina Thaimaahan. I’m leaving to Thailand on Saturday.
    2. Kun vartalon lopussa on diftongi. When the stem ends with a diphthong. Pekka matkustaa Shanghaihin. Pekka travels to Shangai. Pankit ovat avoinna maanantaista (-sta -  from) perjantaihin (-hin - to). Banks are open Monday to Friday.  
Location: Joensuu, Finland

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